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The Spanish Civil War was fought from 17 July 1936 to 1 April 1939 between the Republicans, who were loyal to the democratically elected Spanish Republic, and the Nationalists, a rebel group led by General Francisco Franco.<br/><br/> The Nationalists prevailed, and Franco ruled Spain for the next 36 years, from 1939 until his death in 1975.
In 1519, the Spanish, led by Hernan Cortes, invaded Mexico and colonized the country. Cortes made a series of deals with ethnic groups intended to foster disunity and convince them that he would help them overthrow the ruling Aztecs.<br/><br/> Smallpox ravaged the Mexicans in the 1520s, killing millions. After defeating the Aztecs, the territory became part of the Spanish Empire under the name New Spain. Mexico City was systematically rebuilt by Cortés following the Siege of Tenochtitlan in 1521. Much of the identity, traditions and architecture of Mexico were created during the colonial period.